孤獨的奮斗者—論司湯達《紅與黑》中的于連
摘 要
《紅與黑》可謂是司湯達最杰出的作品，小說中的于連為了名利，為了擠入上流社會，以至要掩飾自己原來的面目帶上虛偽的面具來適應社會，口是心非，言不由衷，把自己真實的感情深藏起來。而我的看法是，于連的1切都是建立在人的本性之上。他崇拜拿破侖，卻在人前詆毀拿破侖；不信神，卻裝出1副虔敬天主的樣子。他不是生來就這樣的，是由于他的階級地位造成了他性格的多重性。他性格中既有反抗又有妥協，既有自卑也有自尊，以及雄心與野心，虛偽與正直的復雜結合，而形成這些復雜矛盾的主要原因是和于連在當時的社會環境下所處社會地位是分不開的。于連聰明能干，敏感高傲，有著強烈的權勢和財富欲望，既自尊自強由平民意識，對上層社會仇視反抗，又虛偽妥協，委曲求全，不擇手段地往上流社會里面擠。這些激發了他不擇手段向上爬的奮斗精神。在這個奮斗的過程中，他使用的所有手段和虛偽行為都是他對理想的追求過程中不得不采取的方法，是他追求個人幸福的人性本能愿望的外露。是他對人生的更高目標的追求，也是他對社會的反抗。
關鍵詞：司湯達；于連；奮斗；孤獨
ABSTRACT
Red And Black it may be said is Si Tangda the most outstanding work, in the novel in the company for the fame and fortune, in order to push in the upper circles of society, down to must conceal the oneself original appearance to take to bring with the false mask to adapt the society, hypocritical, speaks insincerely, deeply hides the oneself real sentiment.But in my opinion, Julien all are the establishment above humans natural disposition. He worships Napoleon, slanders Napoleon actually in front of the human; does not believe in the god, ships out a reverent God appearance actually. He is not since birth such, because his social class status has created his disposition multiplicity. In his disposition both has the revolt and to have the compromise, also has feels inferior also has the self-respect, as well as great ambition and ambition, false and honest complex union, but formed these complex contradictory main reasons is and Julien locates the social position under then social environment is cannot separate. In intelligent competent, sensitive is continually arrogant, has the intense power and influence and the wealth desire, both self-respect striving to improve realizes by the common people, is hostile toward the revolt to the upper classes of society, and falsely compromises, compromises for the general interest, pushes resourcefully toward the upper circles of society inside. These stimulated the struggle spirit which he resorts to all means upwardly to crawl. In this struggle process, all methods and the false behavior which he uses all is he the method which can not but adopt to the ideal pursue process in, his pursues individual happy human nature instinct desire appearing externally. To the life higher goal pursue, also to societys revolt.
Key words: Stendhal; Julien; Strive; Lonely
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