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托福TPO2綜合寫作范文及寫作材料
托福綜合寫作是要求考生根據(jù)一段閱讀材料和一段聽力材料來(lái)寫的。下面是小編整理的托福TOP2綜合寫作范文及材料，希望能幫到大家!
托福TOP2綜合寫作范文
The lecturer talks about research conducted by a firm that used the group system to handle their work. He says that the theory stated in the passage was very different and somewhat inaccurate when compared to what happened in reality.
First, some members got free rides. That is, some didn’t work hard but got recognition for the success nonetheless. This also indicates that people who worked hard were not given recognition they should have gotten. In other words, they weren’t given the opportunity to “shine”. This directly contradicts what the passage indicates.
Second, groups were slow in progress. The passage says that groups are more responsive than individuals because of the number of people involved and their aggregated resources. However, the speaker talks about how the firm found out that groups were slower than individuals in decision making. Groups needed more time for meetings, which are necessary procedures in decision making. This was another place where experience contradicted theory.
Third, influential people might emerge and lead the group towards glory or failure. If the influent people are going in the right direction there would be no problem. But in cases where they go in the wrong direction, there is nobody that has enough influence to counter the decision made. In other words, the group might turn into a dictatorship, with the influential party as the leader, and might become less flexible in its thinking. They might become one-sided, and thus fail to succeed.
Rating annotation：
Once you can read past what seem to be the results of poor typing, this Benchmark 5 does an excellent job of presenting the points about the contribution and recognition of group members as well as about speed of group decisions. The final paragraph contains one noticeable error (“influent”), which is then used correctly two sentences later (“influential”). Overall, this is a successful response and scored within (though perhaps not at the top of) the 5 level.
閱讀材料：
In many organizations, perhaps the best way to approach certain new projects is to assemble a group of people into a team. Having a team of people attack a project offers several advantages.
在很多機(jī)構(gòu)里，恰當(dāng)完成一個(gè)新項(xiàng)目的最好方法可能是把一組人組織成一個(gè)團(tuán)隊(duì)。一個(gè)團(tuán)隊(duì)來(lái)完成一個(gè)項(xiàng)目有幾個(gè)優(yōu)勢(shì)。
First of all, a group of people has a wider range of knowledge, expertise, and skills than any single individual is likely to possess. Also, because of the numbers of people involved and the greater resources they possess, a group can work more quickly in response to the task assigned to it and can come up with highly creative solutions to problems and issues.
首先，一組人員意味著有比任何一個(gè)個(gè)體擁有更為廣泛的知識(shí)、技能以及技巧。同時(shí)，因?yàn)橛懈鄶?shù)量人員的介入和更多資源的占有，團(tuán)隊(duì)工作可以以更快的速度對(duì)任務(wù)作出反應(yīng)。同時(shí)，也能創(chuàng)造性地解決遇到的問題和爭(zhēng)議。
Sometimes these creative solutions come about because a group is more likely to make risky decisions that an individual might not undertake. This is because the group spreads responsibility for a decision to all the members and thus no single individual can be held accountable if the decision turns out to be wrong.
由于在團(tuán)隊(duì)工作中個(gè)體無(wú)需承擔(dān)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，所以會(huì)傾向于作出冒險(xiǎn)的決定。這就導(dǎo)致了團(tuán)隊(duì)工作有時(shí)候可以創(chuàng)造性地解決問題。這是因?yàn)閳F(tuán)隊(duì)把團(tuán)隊(duì)決策的責(zé)任分?jǐn)偨o所有的成員了，這樣的話，即使決策最后證明是錯(cuò)的，也不會(huì)有任何個(gè)體需要對(duì)此負(fù)責(zé)。
Taking part in a group process can be very rewarding for members of the team. Team members who have a voice in making a decision will no doubt feel better about carrying out the work that is entailed by the decision than they might doing work that is imposed on them by others. Also, the individual team member has a much better chance to “shine”, to get his or her contributions and ideas not only recognized but recognized as highly significant, because a team's overall results can be more far-reaching and have greater impact than what might have otherwise been possible for the person to accomplish or contribute working alone.
加入一個(gè)團(tuán)隊(duì)對(duì)于個(gè)體成員來(lái)說(shuō)是一個(gè)非常榮耀的。對(duì)于那些能夠影響決策的成員來(lái)說(shuō)，毫無(wú)疑問，他們?cè)趫F(tuán)隊(duì)行為中得來(lái)的決策快感要優(yōu)于他們被動(dòng)地接受別人指派任務(wù)時(shí)候的`感受。同時(shí)，團(tuán)隊(duì)中的個(gè)人有更多“閃耀”的機(jī)會(huì)，這些機(jī)會(huì)的實(shí)現(xiàn)是由于他們對(duì)團(tuán)隊(duì)的貢獻(xiàn)不但被認(rèn)可，而且是高度低認(rèn)可。這種高度的認(rèn)可是因?yàn)閳F(tuán)隊(duì)的成就和影響力是要要高于個(gè)體。團(tuán)隊(duì)可以實(shí)現(xiàn)個(gè)體所不完成的任務(wù)，達(dá)到個(gè)體所不能達(dá)到的高度。
聽力材料
Now I want to tell you about what one company found when it decided that it would turn over some of its new projects to teams of people, and make the team responsible for planning the projects and getting the work done. After about six months, the company took a look at how well the teams performed.
現(xiàn)在我要給大家講講在一個(gè)公司考慮以團(tuán)隊(duì)工作的形式進(jìn)行項(xiàng)目時(shí)候的發(fā)現(xiàn)吧。這幾個(gè)項(xiàng)目是以團(tuán)隊(duì)的形式負(fù)責(zé)和完成的。六個(gè)月之后，公司來(lái)驗(yàn)收項(xiàng)目進(jìn)行的如何。
On virtually every team, some members got almost a “free ride” . . . they didn't contribute much at all, but if their team did a good job, they nevertheless benefited from the recognition the team got. And what about group members who worked especially well and who provided a lot of insight on problems and issues? Well . . . the recognition for a job well done went to the group as a whole, no names were named. So it won't surprise you to learn that when the real contributors were asked how they felt about the group process, their attitude was just the opposite of what the reading predicts.
實(shí)際上，在每個(gè)團(tuán)隊(duì)都會(huì)有一些成員選擇“搭便車”。這些成員并沒有對(duì)團(tuán)隊(duì)的工作有任何貢獻(xiàn)，但是如果整個(gè)團(tuán)隊(duì)很好地完成了任務(wù)，他們也會(huì)從團(tuán)隊(duì)所獲得的認(rèn)可中獲利。那么對(duì)于那些在團(tuán)隊(duì)中努力工作，為團(tuán)隊(duì)所面臨的問題和正義提供很多簡(jiǎn)介的人呢?沒有人知道他們的`名字。當(dāng)這些真正的貢獻(xiàn)者被問及團(tuán)隊(duì)工作的感受是，他們的態(tài)度則是和閱讀部分所預(yù)計(jì)的相反的。你應(yīng)該不會(huì)對(duì)這樣的態(tài)度感到意外的。
Another finding was that some projects just didn't move very quickly. Why? Because it took so long to reach consensus; it took many, many meetings to build the agreement among group members about how they would move the project along.
另一個(gè)發(fā)現(xiàn)就是，一些項(xiàng)目進(jìn)行的速度不是很快。為什么呢?這是因?yàn)閳F(tuán)隊(duì)需要很長(zhǎng)的時(shí)間達(dá)成一致意見，他們需要開很多會(huì)才能在成員之間對(duì)于如何進(jìn)行項(xiàng)目達(dá)成共識(shí)。
On the other hand, there were other instances where one or two people managed to become very influential over what their group did. Sometimes when those influencers said “That will never work” about an idea the group was developing, the idea was quickly dropped instead of being further discussed. And then there was another occasion when a couple influencers convinced the group that a plan of theirs was “highly creative.” And even though some members tried to warn the rest of the group that the project was moving in directions that might not work, they were basically ignored by other group members. Can you guess the ending to this story? When the project failed, the blame was placed on all the members of the group.
在另一方面，有些證據(jù)表明在團(tuán)隊(duì)中會(huì)有一到兩個(gè)人會(huì)對(duì)整個(gè)團(tuán)隊(duì)非常有影響力。有時(shí)候，當(dāng)他們對(duì)團(tuán)隊(duì)中正在運(yùn)行的想法說(shuō)了一句“這是行不通”的時(shí)候，這個(gè)想法就會(huì)在沒有進(jìn)行深入談?dòng)懻撝熬捅环艞壛恕Ｍ瑫r(shí)，還會(huì)存在這樣一種情況：這些有影響力的人篤定他們相處的方法是“非常有創(chuàng)造性的”。這時(shí)候，即便有些成員會(huì)試圖提醒其他成員項(xiàng)目現(xiàn)在正在沿著一個(gè)錯(cuò)誤的方向進(jìn)行，甚至有可能失敗的。但是他們的聲音會(huì)被其他的成員所忽略。你能猜到這個(gè)故事的結(jié)局嗎?結(jié)局就是，當(dāng)這個(gè)項(xiàng)目失敗的時(shí)候，責(zé)備會(huì)被所有團(tuán)隊(duì)成員一同承擔(dān)。
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