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英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法經(jīng)典例題之虛擬語(yǔ)氣
1. “I still haven’t thanked Aunt Lucy for her present.” “It’s time you _____.”
A. do B. did
C. had D. would
2. If I hadn’t been lucky enough to meet you. I really _____ what I would have done.
A. don’t know B. hadn’t known
C. wasn’t knowing D. wouldn’t know
3. “I’ve told everyone about it.” “Oh, I’d rather you _____.”
A. don’t B. hadn’t
C. couldn’t D. wouldn’t
4. It has been raining for a day, but even though it hadn’t rained, we _____ there by tomorrow.
A. can’t get B. won’t get
C. hadn’t got D. wouldn’t get
5. “Do you know his address?” “No, I also wish I _____ where he _____.”
A. knew, live B. knew, lives
C. know, lives D. know, lived
6. “Isn’t it about time you _____ to do morning exercises?” “Yes, it is. Would you like to join us?”
A. begin B. have begun
C. began D. had begun
7. It is hard for me to imagine what I would be doing today if I ____ in love, at the age of seven, with the Melinda Cox Library in my hometown.
A. wouldn’t have fallen B. had not fallen
C. should fall D. were to fall
8. He hesitated for a moment before kicking the ball, otherwise he ____ a goal.
A. had scored B. scored
C. would score D. would have scored
9. If only he _______ quietly as the doctor instructed, he would not suffer so much now.
A. lies B. lay
C. had lain D. should lie
10. Without the air to hold some of the sun’s heat, the earth at night ____ for us to live.
A. would be freezing cold B. will be freezing coldly
C. would be frozen cold D. can freeze coldly
11. Yesterday, Jane walked away from the discussion. Otherwise, she ____ something she would regret later.
A. had said B. said
C. might say D. might have said
12. You didn’t let me drive. If we ____ in turn, you ____ so tired.
A. drove; didn’t get B. drove; wouldn’t get
C. were driving; wouldn’t get D. had driven; wouldn’t have got
13. When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it ______.
A. breaks B. has broken
C. were broken D. had been broken
14. But for the help you gave me, I _______ the examinations.
A. would have passed B. would pass
C. wouldn’t have passed D. wouldn’t pass
答案請(qǐng)看第二頁(yè)
【答案與解析】
1. 選B。It’s time you did 為 It’s time you thanked Aunt Lucy for her present 之略。按照英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法，it’s time 后從句通常要用過(guò)去式。
2. 選A。雖然前有虛擬條件句, 后有使用了虛擬語(yǔ)氣的賓語(yǔ)，但 I don’t know 卻宜用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，因?yàn)?I don’t know 表述的是現(xiàn)在的真實(shí)情況，句意為“我要不是有幸遇到你，我真不知(指現(xiàn)在不知)我會(huì)做出什么蠢事來(lái)”。
3. 選B。I’d rather 后接從句時(shí)，從句謂語(yǔ)的時(shí)態(tài)規(guī)律是：用過(guò)去式表示現(xiàn)在或?qū)?lái)，用過(guò)去完成式表示過(guò)去。
4. 選A。we can’t get there by tomorrow 為客觀事實(shí)，故宜用陳述語(yǔ)氣。
5. 選B。第一空填 knew，因?yàn)?I wish 后的賓語(yǔ)從句要用虛擬語(yǔ)氣(即用過(guò)去式表示現(xiàn)在的想法);第二空要填lives，即用陳述語(yǔ)氣，因?yàn)?where he lives 是一個(gè)客觀事實(shí)，而不是 I wish 的內(nèi)容。
6. 選C。It’s time… / It’s high time… / It’s about time… 等后接從句時(shí)，從句謂語(yǔ)通常用過(guò)去式。
7. 選 B。此題涉及錯(cuò)綜時(shí)間虛擬條件句，主句與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反，條件句與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反。句意為：要不是在七歲時(shí)就迷上了 Melinda Cox 圖書(shū)館，我真不能想像我如今會(huì)在做什么。
8. 選 D。這是otherwise 引出的含蓄虛擬語(yǔ)氣，再根據(jù)前面的 hesitated 可進(jìn)一步知道這是與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反的虛擬語(yǔ)氣，由此可推知答案選 D。
9. 選 C。if only 意為“要是……就好了”，其后的句子謂語(yǔ)要用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，同時(shí)根據(jù) as the doctor instructed 中的過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)可知從句是與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反，故選 C。
10. 選 A。without 引出的介詞短語(yǔ)為一個(gè)與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的含蓄條件句。
11. 選 D。otherwise 在此相當(dāng)于 if she had not walked away from the discussion，即暗示一個(gè)與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反的虛擬條件句。
12. 選 D。根據(jù)句中的 didn’t let me drive 可知，這是一個(gè)與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反的虛擬語(yǔ)氣句，條件句的謂語(yǔ)用 had+過(guò)去分詞，主句謂語(yǔ)用 would / should / could / might have+過(guò)去分詞。
13. 選 C。as if 引導(dǎo)的句子，有時(shí)用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，有時(shí)不用。原則上說(shuō)，若指事實(shí)或可能為事實(shí)，不用虛擬語(yǔ)氣;若指現(xiàn)在，從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用一般過(guò)去時(shí)(be 用 were);若指過(guò)去用過(guò)去完成時(shí)，若指將來(lái)用過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)或用 were to do sth。又如下面一題要選 C：
It seems as if the sun ____ round the earth since it rises in the east and sets in the west.
A. circles B. is circling
C. were circling D. has been circling
14. 選C。but for 的意思是“若不是，要不是”，用于引出與事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)，通常與虛擬語(yǔ)氣連用。根據(jù)句中的 the help you gave me，可知它表示與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反，故選C。
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