大學英語四級寫作常見結(jié)構(gòu)性錯誤

時間：2024-11-12 04:37:41 英語四級我要投稿

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　　大學英語四級寫作常見結(jié)構(gòu)性錯誤：使用修飾語時，要注意它們同主語的呼應(yīng)，不可使其無所依附，或錯誤依附，從而造成懸垂修飾。可以通過兩種方式對含有懸垂修飾語的句子進行修改：修改主語，使主句主語等同于修飾語的邏輯主語;或者修改修飾語，把修飾語變成一個從句。

大學英語四級寫作常見結(jié)構(gòu)性錯誤

　　一、成分缺失

　　英語句子中有六個基本句式：

　　(1)S+V主謂結(jié)構(gòu)

　　(2)S+V+O主謂賓結(jié)構(gòu)

　　(3)S+V+P主謂表結(jié)構(gòu)

　　(4)S+V+O1+O2主謂雙賓語結(jié)構(gòu)

　　(5)S+V+O+C主謂賓補結(jié)構(gòu)

　　(6)There be結(jié)構(gòu)

　　原句：At present，it is very common that marriage across the nations

　　修正：At present，it is very common to find marriage across the nations.

　　原句：If they from different countries，they will have different living habits.

　　修正：If they are from different countries，they will have different living habits.

　　原句：If continue，there is no room and no resources left for more people in the future.

　　修正：If this continues，there is no room and no resources left for more people in the future.

　　二、懸垂修飾錯誤

　　修飾語的作用是描述其他的詞，從而起到修飾、限定、強調(diào)或解釋的作用。因此，修飾語與它們所描述的詞之間關(guān)系緊密，這種關(guān)系對于考生來說十分清楚;當修飾語和句子中其他詞之間的關(guān)系不是特別清楚時，這種修飾語被稱之為懸垂修飾。當用分詞、不定式、介詞短語、動名詞或省略句作修飾語時，考生受漢語影響，其作文中常會出現(xiàn)懸垂現(xiàn)象。使用時，要注意它們同主語的呼應(yīng)，不可使其無所依附，或錯誤依附，從而造成懸垂修飾。可以通過兩種方式對含有懸垂修飾語的句子進行修改：

　　① 修改主語，使主句主語等同于修飾語的邏輯主語;

　　② 修改修飾語，把修飾語變成一個從句。

　　原句：To finish the work in time，the machine is kept running all the time.

　　修正：To finish the work in time，we kept the machine running all the time.

　　原句：Looking out of the window，the grassland stretch as far as the eye can reach.

　　修正：Looking out of the window，I can see the grassland stretch as far as the eye can reach.

　　原句：Having heard the terrible news，his heart beat fast.

　　修正：When he heard the terrible news，his heart beat fast.

　　原句：At the age of ten，my grandmother died.

　　修正：When I was at ten，my grandmother died.

　　原句：To get ready for the trip，all the things she needed were put into a suitcase.

　　修正：To get ready for the trip，she put all the things she needed into a suitcase.

　　三、一致性錯誤

　　英語句子的一致性包括主謂一致，人稱、時態(tài)、語態(tài)和數(shù)等的一致，以及句子成分前后的語法和邏輯性的一致。

　　原句：“Six chairs” are not correct here.

　　修正：“Six chairs” is not correct here.(如果主語為引語，謂語動詞要用單數(shù)。)

　　原句：Politics are more difficult than physics.

　　修正：Politics is more difficult than physics.

　　原句：Whether or not we'll go to Beijing have not been decided yet.

　　修正：Whether or not we'll go to Beijing has not been decided yet.

　　原句：Sometimes the wealthy also needs help.

　　修正：Sometimes the wealthy also need help.

　　原句：When I was in high school，you never knew what to expect.

　　修正：When I was in high school，I never knew what to expect.

　　原句：I was extremely sorry you are injured.

　　修正：I am extremely sorry you are injured.

　　原句：In high school we worked more as a group than as an individual.

　　修正：In high school we worked more as groups than as individuals.

　　原句：His job was a policeman.

　　修正：He was a policeman.

　　四、并列結(jié)構(gòu)誤用

　　原句：Before I selected the new course，my teacher warned me of the difficulty of the course and of its length.

　　修正：Before I selected the new course，my teacher warned me how difficult the course was and how long it lasted.

　　原句：We asked the store manager to show us a gift that was inexpensive，useful and looked nice.

　　修正：We asked the store manager to show us a gift that was inexpensive，useful and nice looking.

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