2017職稱英語衛生類閱讀理解
職稱英語對申報不同級別職稱的專業技術人員的英語水平提出了不同的要求。下面是小編整理的衛生類C級閱讀理解題，希望能幫到大家!
Medical Education
In 18th century colonial America, those who wanted to become physicians either learned as personal students from established professionals or went abroad to study in the traditional schools of London, Paris and Edinburgh. Medicine was first taught formally by specialists at the University of Pennsylvania, beginning in 1765, and in 1767 at King's College (now Columbia University), the first institution in the colonies to give the degree of doctor of medicine.
Following the American Revolution, the Columbia medical faculty (formerly of King's College) was combined with the College of Physicians and Surgeons, chartered in 1809, which survives as a division of Columbia University.
In 1893 the Johns Hopkins Medical School required all applicants to have a college degree and was the first to afford its students the opportunity to further their training in an attached teaching hospital. The growth of medical schools attached with established institutions of learning went together with the development of proprietary (私營的) schools of medicine run for personal profit, most of which had 10W standards and poor facilities. In 1910 Abraham Flexner, the American education reformer, wrote Medical Education in the United States and Canada, exposing the poor conditions of most proprietary schools. Subsequently, the American Medical Association(AMA) and the Association of American Medical Colleges (AAMC) laid down standards for course content, qualifications of teachers, laboratory facilities, connection with teaching hospitals,and licensing of medical practitioners (開業醫師) that survive to this day.
By the late 1980s the U.S. and Canada had 1424 medical colleges recognized by the Liaison(聯絡) Committee on Medical Education to offer the M. D. degree; during the 1987-1988academic year,47,262 men and 25,686 women entered these colleges and an estimated 11,752 men and 5,958 women were graduated. Graduates, after a year of internship (實習期) , receive licenses to practice if they pass an examination given either by a state board or by the National Board of Medical Examiners.
11. In 18th century America, higher institutions of learning that taught medicine __________.
A. did not exist
B. were few in number
C. were better than those in Europe
D. were known for their teaching hospitals
12. Initially most proprietary schools of medicine in America __________.
A. had established professionals
B. had good facilities
C. had high standards
D. were in poor conditions
13. The AMA and AAMC established standards so as to __________.
A. recruit more students
B. set up more schools of medicine
C. ensure the quality of medical teaching and practice
D. prevent medical schools from making huge profits
14. After a year of internship medical graduates can start to practice __________.
A. if they have worked in a laboratory
B. if they have studied abroad for some time
C. if they have obtained an M. D. degree
D. if they have passed an examination
15. This passage is mainly about __________.
A. how medicine is taught in America
B. how medical education has developed in America
C. how the American educational system works
D. how one can become a good doctor
U. S. Life Expectancy Hits New High
Life expectancy rates in the United States are at an all-time high, with people born in 2005 projected to live for nearly 78 years, a new federal study finds.
The finding reflects a continuing trend of increasing life expectancy that began in 1955, when the average American lived to be 69.6 years old. By 1995, life expectancy was 75.8 years, and by2005, it had risen to 77.9 years, according to the report released Wednesday.
"This is good news." said report co-author Donna Hoyert, a health scientist at the National Center for Health Statistics. "It's even better news that it is a continuation of trends, so it is a long period of continuing improvement."
Despite the upward trend, the United States still has a lower life expectancy than some 40 other countries, according to the U. S. Census (人口普查)Bureau. The country with the longest life expectancy is Andorra at 83.5 years, followed by Japan, Macau, San Marino and Singapore.
Much of the increase owes to declining death rates from the three leading causes of death in the country-heart disease, cancer and stroke.
In addition, in 2005, the U. S. death rate dropped to an all-time low of less than- 800 deaths per100,000.
Dr. David Katz, director of the Prevention Research Center at Yale University School of Medicine, said, "News that life expectancy is increasing is, of course, good. But the evidence we have suggests that there is more chronic disease than ever in the U. S."
Adding years to life is a good thing, Katz said. "But adding vital life to years is at least equally important. If we care about living well, and not just longer, we still have our work cutout for us." he said.
6. Since 1955, life expectancy rates in the U. S. have ___________.
A. moved up and down
B. been declining
G. remained steady
D. been on the rise
7. Compared with the country with the longest life expectancy, the U. S. is__________.
A. nearly 3 years behind
B. nearly 4 years behind
C. nearly 6 years behind
D. nearly 8 years behind
8. The increase in the U. S. life expectancy is mostly due to __________.
A. declining death rates from heart disease, cancer and stroke
B. increasing life expectancy rates in some other countries
C. a rise in the rate of chronic disease
D. a declining birth rate
9. Which of the following statements is NOT true?
A. The U. S. life expectancy is at an all-time high.
B. The U. S. death rate was at an all-time low in 2005.
C. Chronic disease appears to be at an all-time high in the U. S.
D. The annual death rate in the U. S. is over 800 deaths per 100,000.
10. The expression "adding vital life to years" in the last paragraph means__________.
A. living longer
B. living well
C. living longer and well
D. living at any cost
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