職稱(chēng)英語(yǔ)A級(jí)綜合類(lèi)試題
職稱(chēng)英語(yǔ)等級(jí)考試的測(cè)試重點(diǎn)在于考察考生的閱讀理解能力。綜合類(lèi)考題要求考生能綜合運(yùn)用英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)言知識(shí)和閱讀技能來(lái)理解一般內(nèi)容的英語(yǔ)書(shū)面材料。
Pop Music in Africa非洲的流行音樂(lè)
Young musicians in African countries are creating a new kind of pop music . The tunes and the rhythms of their music combine African traditions with various forms of music popular today, such as hip-hop, rap, rock, jazz, or reggae. The result is music that may sound familiar to listeners anywhere in the world, but at the same time is distinctly African. It is different also in another way：Many of the songs are very serious and they deal with important social or political issues in Africa today.
非洲國(guó)家的年輕音樂(lè)家們創(chuàng)造了一種流行音樂(lè)的新形式。音調(diào)與旋律不僅有傳統(tǒng)的非洲因素也有當(dāng) 下十分流行的各種形式，比如嘻哈、說(shuō)唱打擊樂(lè)、搖滾、爵士或者是瑞格舞。這樣就使這 種音樂(lè)讓世界 各地的聽(tīng)者都覺(jué)得很熟悉，而它又是典型的非洲音樂(lè)。這種音樂(lè)在另一方面也有所不同：很多音樂(lè)有著 嚴(yán)肅的主題，與當(dāng)今非洲重要的社會(huì)問(wèn)題和政治問(wèn)題相關(guān)。
Eric Wainaina is one of these African musicians. He grew up in Nairobi, Kenya, in a family of musicians. As a teenager, he listened to pop music from the United States, and later he moved to Boston to study at the Berklee College of Music. Now he has produced a CD in Kenya. Eric's most popular song, "Land of ‘A Little Something’“ is about Kenya's problem of bribery, or paying others for illegal favors . He wants people to listen to his songs and think about how to make Kenya a better place to live.
Eric Wainaina 是這些非洲音樂(lè)家的其中之一。他成長(zhǎng)于肯尼亞內(nèi)羅畢的一個(gè)音樂(lè)世家。少年 時(shí)期他 就昕美國(guó)的流行音樂(lè)，之后就讀于波士頓 Berklee College 學(xué)習(xí)音樂(lè)。現(xiàn)在他在肯尼亞發(fā)了 一張 CD。他最紅的歌曲是"Land of ? A Little Something' ， 這首歌是有關(guān)肯尼亞賄賂問(wèn)題的。他希望人們聽(tīng)他的歌曲 然后思考如何讓肯尼亞變成更好的居住地。
Another musician who writes serious songs is Witness Mwaijaga from Tanzania. Her own experiences have helped her understand the suffering of many African women. At the age of fifteen she lost her home, but she was luckier than other homeless young people. She could make a living by writing songs and singing on the street. By the time she was eighteen years old, she had become a star. Her songs are written in rap or hip-hop style about the problems that she sees in Tanzania, especially AIDS and the lack of rights for women.1
另一個(gè)寫(xiě)有關(guān)嚴(yán)肅主題音樂(lè)的音樂(lè)家是來(lái)自坦桑尼亞的 Witness Mwaijaga。 她的個(gè)人經(jīng)歷讓 她能夠切 身體會(huì)非洲婦女所受的苦難。她15歲的時(shí)候失去了家，但是比起和她一樣無(wú)家可歸 的年輕人來(lái)說(shuō)她很幸 運(yùn)。她可以靠寫(xiě)歌和在街頭賣(mài)唱維持生計(jì)。在她18歲的時(shí)候，她成為一 個(gè)明星。她用嘻哈和說(shuō)唱的風(fēng)格 寫(xiě)歌，歌曲的內(nèi)容是坦桑尼亞的各種問(wèn)題，特別是艾滋病和女 性權(quán)利的缺失。
Baaba Maal, from Senegal, also feels that pop music must go beyond entertainment. He says that in Senegal, storytellers have always been important people. In the past, they were the ones who kept the history of their people alive. Baaba believes that songwriters now have a similar responsibility. They must write about the world around them and help people understand how it could be better. The words of his songs are important, in fact. They speak of peace and cooperation among Africans, as well as the rights of women, love for one' s family, and saving the environment.2
來(lái)自塞內(nèi)加爾的 BaabaMaal 也認(rèn)為流行音樂(lè)不僅僅是為了娛樂(lè)。他在塞內(nèi)加爾說(shuō)過(guò)，故事的 講述者 往往是重要的人物。在^：去，他們是人民歷史的書(shū)寫(xiě)者。他認(rèn)為寫(xiě)歌者也擁有同樣的責(zé)任。 他們必須寫(xiě) 他們周?chē)氖澜纾瑤椭嗣衩靼兹绾问顾兊酶谩Ｊ聦?shí)上，歌詞的內(nèi)容十分重要。他倡導(dǎo)在非洲要和 平與協(xié)作，同時(shí)也包括婦女權(quán)利、熱愛(ài)家庭和保護(hù)環(huán)境。
One of South Africa's most popular musicians is Brenda Fassie. She is sometimes compared to Madonna, the American pop star, because she likes to shock people in her shows. But she also likes to make people think. She became famous in the 1980s for her simple pop songs against apartheid. Now that apartheid has ended, her songs are about other issues in South African culture and life. To sing about these, she uses local African languages and a new pop style called kwaito.
南美最流行的音樂(lè)家之一是 Brenda Fassie。 她可以與美國(guó)流行巨星麥當(dāng)娜媲美， 因?yàn)樗奈?臺(tái)表現(xiàn)力 震撼人心。但是她也喜歡讓人深思。20世紀(jì)80年代她因?yàn)橐皇子嘘P(guān)反對(duì)種族隔離的單 曲而一炮走紅。現(xiàn) 在種族隔離巳經(jīng)終止了，她的歌曲有關(guān)于南美政治和文化的其他方面。她使用傳統(tǒng)的非洲語(yǔ)言與一種新 的流行形式庫(kù)威多來(lái)歌唱。
In recent years, people outside of Africa have also begun to listen to these young musicians. Through music, the younger generation of Africans are connecting with the rest of the world and, at the same time, influencing the rest of the world.
近些年，非洲以外的人們都開(kāi)始聽(tīng)這些年輕音樂(lè)家的歌曲。通過(guò)音樂(lè)，年青一代的音樂(lè)家使非洲與 世界其他的地方相連接，同時(shí)也影響著世界的其他地方。
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