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EIGRP路由協(xié)議的配置實例
我們在接口配置過程中，幀中繼的DLCI號和IP映射時也沒有配置broadcast 參數(shù)，這類問題該如何解決?下面小編給你帶來的內(nèi)容回答以上疑問。
EIGRP路由協(xié)議的配置拓撲圖
R1(config)#router eigrp 100
R1(config-router)#no auto-summary //關(guān)閉自動匯總
R1(config-router)#net 192.168.1.0 //宣告路由條目
R1(config-router)#end
R2(config)#router eigrp 100
R2(config-router)#no auto-summary
R2(config-router)#net 192.168.1.0
R2(config-router)#net 10.1.0.0 0.0.255.255 //宣告路由條目
R2(config-router)#end
R3(config)#router eigrp 100
R3(config-router)#no auto-summary
R3(config-router)#net 192.168.1.0
R3(config-router)#net 172.16.0.0 0.0.255.255
R3(config-router)#end
檢查：
R1#show ip eigrp neighbors //查看eigrp 鄰居表，發(fā)現(xiàn)并沒有鄰居
IP-EIGRP neighbors for process 100
R1#show ip eigrp topology //查看EIGRP 拓撲表，并沒有學(xué)習(xí)到任何的路由
IP-EIGRP Topology Table for AS(100)/ID(192.168.1.1)
Codes: P – Passive, A – Active, U – Update, Q – Query, R – Reply,
r – reply Status, s – sia Status
P 192.168.1.0/24, 1 successors, FD is 2169856
via Connected, Serial0/0
因為幀中繼默認為NBMA 模式，也就是非廣播的多路訪問模式，它會阻止廣播數(shù)據(jù)和組播數(shù)據(jù)，我們在接口配置過程中，幀中繼的DLCI 號和IP 映射時也沒有配置broadcast 參數(shù)，而EIGRP 路由協(xié)議通過組播地址224.0.0.10 來發(fā)送相應(yīng)的路由信息(比如hello、update 等數(shù)據(jù)包)，所以R1 并沒有發(fā)現(xiàn)任何的鄰居路由器。
為了能讓EIGRP的路由信息通過幀中繼傳播，在沒有配置broadcast 參數(shù)的情況下，我們可以通過單播的形式來發(fā)送EIGRP 數(shù)據(jù)包，我們對以上的配置進行改進：
R1(config)#router eigrp 100
R1(config-router)#neighbor 192.168.1.2 serial 0/0 //手工指定鄰居，實現(xiàn)單播方式
R1(config-router)#neighbor 192.168.1.3 serial 0/0
R1(config-router)#end
R2(config)#router eigrp 100
R2(config-router)#neighbor 192.168.1.1 serial 0/0 //手工指定鄰居，實現(xiàn)單播方式
R2(config-router)#end
R3(config)#router eigrp 100
R3(config-router)#neighbor 192.168.1.1 serial 0/0 //手工指定鄰居，實現(xiàn)單播方式
R3(config-router)#end
驗證：
*Mar 1 00:29:18.955: %DUAL-5-NBRCHANGE: IP-EIGRP(0) 100: Neighbor 192.168.1.2 (Serial0/0) is up: new adjacency
*Mar 1 00:29:19.115: %DUAL-5-NBRCHANGE: IP-EIGRP(0) 100: Neighbor 192.168.1.3 (Serial0/0) is up: new adjacency
R1#show ip eigrp neighbors
IP-EIGRP neighbors for process 100
H Address Interface Hold Uptime SRTT RTO Q Seq
(sec) (ms) Cnt Num
1 192.168.1.3 Se0/0 156 00:01:19 99 594 0 3
0 192.168.1.2 Se0/0 154 00:01:19 137 822 0 3
R2#
*Mar 1 00:29:18.979: %DUAL-5-NBRCHANGE: IP-EIGRP(0) 100: Neighbor 192.168.1.1 (Serial0/0) is up: new adjacency
R2#
R2#show ip eigrp neighbor
IP-EIGRP neighbors for process 100
H Address Interface Hold Uptime SRTT RTO Q Seq
(sec) (ms) Cnt Num
0 192.168.1.1 Se0/0 138 00:02:31 171 1026 0 7
R1#show ip route eigrp 100 //查看路由表，可以看到R1 能夠?qū)W習(xí)到R2 和R3 相應(yīng)的網(wǎng)絡(luò)
172.16.0.0/24 is subnetted, 4 subnets
D 172.16.0.0 [90/2297856] via 192.168.1.3, 00:03:45, Serial0/0
D 172.16.1.0 [90/2297856] via 192.168.1.3, 00:03:45, Serial0/0
D 172.16.2.0 [90/2297856] via 192.168.1.3, 00:03:45, Serial0/0
D 172.16.3.0 [90/2297856] via 192.168.1.3, 00:03:45, Serial0/0
10.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 4 subnets
D 10.1.3.0 [90/2297856] via 192.168.1.2, 00:03:45, Serial0/0
D 10.1.2.0 [90/2297856] via 192.168.1.2, 00:03:45, Serial0/0
D 10.1.1.0 [90/2297856] via 192.168.1.2, 00:03:45, Serial0/0
D 10.1.0.0 [90/2297856] via 192.168.1.2, 00:03:45, Serial0/0
R1#ping 10.1.0.1 //驗證是否可以訪問R2 的網(wǎng)絡(luò)
Type escape sequence to abort.
Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 10.1.0.1, timeout is 2 seconds:
!!!!!
Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 20/56/104 ms
R1#ping 172.16.0.1 //驗證是否可以訪問R3 的網(wǎng)絡(luò)
Type escape sequence to abort.
Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 172.16.0.1, timeout is 2 seconds:
!!!!!
Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 8/52/124 ms
查看R2 的路由表：
R2#show ip route
Codes: C – connected, S – static, R – RIP, M – mobile, B – BGP
D – EIGRP, EX – EIGRP external, O – OSPF, IA – OSPF inter area
N1 – OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 – OSPF NSSA external type 2
E1 – OSPF external type 1, E2 – OSPF external type 2
i – IS-IS, su – IS-IS summary, L1 – IS-IS level-1, L2 – IS-IS level-2
ia – IS-IS inter area, * – candidate default, U – per-user static route
o – ODR, P – periodic downloaded static route
Gateway of last resort is not set
10.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 4 subnets
C 10.1.3.0 is directly connected, Loopback3
C 10.1.2.0 is directly connected, Loopback2
C 10.1.1.0 is directly connected, Loopback1
C 10.1.0.0 is directly connected, Loopback0
C 192.168.1.0/24 is directly connected, Serial0/0
發(fā)現(xiàn)R2 并沒有學(xué)習(xí)到R3 的172.16.0.0 網(wǎng)絡(luò)， R1 通過S0/0 接口學(xué)習(xí)到R3 宣告的172.16.0.0網(wǎng)絡(luò)，因為R1 s0/0 接口的水平分割機制導(dǎo)致R1 不會再由這個接口S0/0 發(fā)布出去，所以R2無法學(xué)習(xí)到R3 宣告的網(wǎng)絡(luò)，同理，R3 也無法學(xué)習(xí)到R2 宣告的網(wǎng)絡(luò)。
對幀中繼配置進行修正，使用broadcast 參數(shù)：
R1(config)#router eigrp 100
R1(config-router)#no neighbor 192.168.1.2 s0/0 //取消手工指定鄰居
*Mar 1 00:42:29.807: %DUAL-5-NBRCHANGE: IP-EIGRP(0) 100: Neighbor 192.168.1.2 (Serial0/0) is down:
R1(config-router)#no neighbor 192.168.1.3 s0/0
*Mar 1 00:42:32.623: %DUAL-5-NBRCHANGE: IP-EIGRP(0) 100: Neighbor 192.168.1.3 (Serial0/0) is down:
R1(config-router)#exit
R1(config)#int s0/0
R1(config-if)#no fram map ip 192.168.1.2 102 //取消之前不帶broadcast 參數(shù)的靜態(tài)映射
R1(config-if)#no fram map ip 192.168.1.3 103
R1(config-if)#frame map ip 192.168.1.2 102 broadcast
R1(config-if)#frame map ip 192.168.1.3 103 broadcast
R1(config-if)#end
R2(config)#router eigrp 100
R2(config-router)#no neighbor 192.168.1.1 Serial0/0
R2(config-router)#int s0/0
R2(config-if)#no frame-relay map ip 192.168.1.1 201
R2(config-if)# frame-relay map ip 192.168.1.1 201 broadcast
R3(config)#router eigrp 100
R3(config-router)#no neighbor 192.168.1.1 Serial0/0
R3(config-router)#int s0/0
R3(config-if)#no
*Mar 1 00:47:58.943: %DUAL-5-NBRCHANGE: IP-EIGRP(0) 100: Neighbor 192.168.1.1 (Serial0/0) is up: new adjacency
R3(config-if)#no frame-relay map ip 192.168.1.1 301
R3(config-if)#frame-relay map ip 192.168.1.1 301 broadcast
R3(config-if)#end
驗證結(jié)果：
可以看到添加了broadcast 后，幀中繼可以正常的傳遞組播數(shù)據(jù)了，R1 就可以和R2 和R3 建立鄰居關(guān)系并正常學(xué)習(xí)到路由。
R1#show ip eigrp neighbors
IP-EIGRP neighbors for process 100
H Address Interface Hold Uptime SRTT RTO Q Seq
(sec) (ms) Cnt Num
1 192.168.1.3 Se0/0 178 00:00:03 906 5000 0 7
0 192.168.1.2 Se0/0 178 00:01:57 1040 5000 0 6
R1#show ip route eigrp 100
172.16.0.0/24 is subnetted, 4 subnets
D 172.16.0.0 [90/2297856] via 192.168.1.3, 00:00:53, Serial0/0
D 172.16.1.0 [90/2297856] via 192.168.1.3, 00:00:53, Serial0/0
D 172.16.2.0 [90/2297856] via 192.168.1.3, 00:00:53, Serial0/0
D 172.16.3.0 [90/2297856] via 192.168.1.3, 00:00:53, Serial0/0
10.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 4 subnets
D 10.1.3.0 [90/2297856] via 192.168.1.2, 00:02:46, Serial0/0
D 10.1.2.0 [90/2297856] via 192.168.1.2, 00:02:46, Serial0/0
D 10.1.1.0 [90/2297856] via 192.168.1.2, 00:02:46, Serial0/0
D 10.1.0.0 [90/2297856] via 192.168.1.2, 00:02:46, Serial0/0
查看R3 的路由表，發(fā)現(xiàn)R3 并沒有學(xué)習(xí)到R2 的網(wǎng)絡(luò)，這是因為R1 默認情況下接口有水平。
R3#show ip route
Codes: C – connected, S – static, R – RIP, M – mobile, B – BGP
D – EIGRP, EX – EIGRP external, O – OSPF, IA – OSPF inter area
N1 – OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 – OSPF NSSA external type 2
E1 – OSPF external type 1, E2 – OSPF external type 2
i – IS-IS, su – IS-IS summary, L1 – IS-IS level-1, L2 – IS-IS level-2
ia – IS-IS inter area, * – candidate default, U – per-user static route
o – ODR, P – periodic downloaded static route
Gateway of last resort is not set
172.16.0.0/24 is subnetted, 4 subnets
C 172.16.0.0 is directly connected, Loopback0
C 172.16.1.0 is directly connected, Loopback1
C 172.16.2.0 is directly connected, Loopback2
C 172.16.3.0 is directly connected, Loopback3
C 192.168.1.0/24 is directly connected, Serial0/0
將R1 接口的水平分割關(guān)閉：
R1(config)#interface serial 0/0
R1(config-if)#no ip split-horizon eigrp 100
R1(config-if)#end
當R1 的水平分割關(guān)閉后，EIGRP 進程會出現(xiàn)相應(yīng)提示：
*Mar 1 00:52:25.055: %DUAL-5-NBRCHANGE: IP-EIGRP(0) 100: Neighbor 192.168.1.3 (Serial0/0) is resync: split horizon changed
*Mar 1 00:52:25.055: %DUAL-5-NBRCHANGE: IP-EIGRP(0) 100: Neighbor 192.168.1.2 (Serial0/0) is resync: split horizon changed
查看R1 接口S0/0 的情況：
R1#show ip int s0/0 | include Split
Split horizon is disabled
查看R2 的路由表：
R2#show ip route eigrp 100
172.16.0.0/24 is subnetted, 4 subnets
D 172.16.0.0 [90/2809856] via 192.168.1.1, 00:08:03, Serial0/0
D 172.16.1.0 [90/2809856] via 192.168.1.1, 00:08:03, Serial0/0
D 172.16.2.0 [90/2809856] via 192.168.1.1, 00:08:03, Serial0/0
D 172.16.3.0 [90/2809856] via 192.168.1.1, 00:08:03, Serial0/0
雖然R2 路由表中有172.16.2.0/24 網(wǎng)絡(luò)，但R2 并沒有ping 通，這是什么原因?
因為R3 的串行口幀中繼配置時，只做了IP 192.168.1.1 和DLCI 號的對應(yīng)，沒有做IP 192。168.1.2 和DLCI 號的映射，所以R2 ping 172.16.2.1 時，采用的源地址為192.168.1.2，通過路由表發(fā)現(xiàn)目的地址172.16.2.1 具有符合的條目，轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)接口為192.168.1.1，于是由R1 轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)到R3，R3 在回包過程時，源地址為172.16.2.1，而目標地址為192.168.1.2，但它不知道這個地址怎么轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)于是就丟棄。
R3(config)#int s0/0
R3(config-if)#frame-relay map ip 192.168.1.2 301 broadcast
R2(config-if)#end
R2(config)#int s0/0
R2(config-if)#frame-relay map ip 192.168.1.3 201 broadcast
R2(config-if)#end
驗證結(jié)果：
R2#ping 172.16.1.1
Type escape sequence to abort.
Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 172.16.1.1, timeout is 2 seconds:
!!!!!
Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 44/88/160 ms
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